Project Structure

Directory Layout

DNDSR/
├── src/                        C++ source code
│   ├── DNDS/                   Core: MPI arrays, serialization, profiling, CUDA
│   │   ├── Config/             Runtime configuration enums, parameters, registry
│   │   ├── Device/             Host-device memory transfer, CUDA utilities
│   │   ├── Serializer/         JSON and HDF5 serialization framework
│   │   └── ArrayDerived/       Specialized array types (adjacency, Eigen matrices)
│   ├── Geom/                   Unstructured mesh, CGNS I/O, partitioning
│   │   └── Mesh/               Mesh data structures, connectivity, ghost management
│   ├── CFV/                    Compact Finite Volume, variational reconstruction
│   ├── Euler/                  Compressible N-S solvers (2D/3D, SA, k-omega)
│   ├── EulerP/                 Alternative evaluator with CUDA GPU support
│   └── Solver/                 ODE integrators, Krylov solvers (GMRES, PCG)
│
├── python/DNDSR/               Python package (pip-installable)
│   ├── __init__.py             Top-level: imports DNDS, Geom, CFV, EulerP
│   ├── _loader.py              Shared native library preloader (ctypes.CDLL)
│   ├── py.typed                PEP 561 typed package marker
│   ├── DNDS/                   Python bindings + factory functions for core
│   │   ├── __init__.py         Preload, import bindings, MPI init, factories
│   │   ├── _ext/               Compiled pybind11 .so (cmake --install target)
│   │   ├── Debug_Py.py         Pure-Python debug helpers
│   │   └── Wrapper.py          Python introspection utilities
│   ├── Geom/                   Mesh bindings
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── _ext/
│   │   └── utils.py            Mesh creation utilities
│   ├── CFV/                    FV bindings
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── _ext/
│   └── EulerP/                 Euler evaluator bindings
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── _ext/
│       └── EulerP_Solver.py    High-level solver wrapper
│
├── app/                        C++ application entry points
│   ├── Euler/                  Solver executables (euler, eulerSA, euler2EQ, ...)
│   ├── DNDS/                   Old standalone test apps
│   ├── Geom/                   Mesh tool apps
│   └── CFV/                    FV test apps
│
├── test/                       Tests
│   ├── cpp/                    C++ unit tests (doctest, registered with CTest)
│   │   ├── DNDS/               DNDS core tests
│   │   ├── Geom/               Geom mesh tests
│   │   ├── CFV/                CFV reconstruction tests
│   │   ├── Euler/              Euler evaluator tests
│   │   └── Solver/             Solver (ODE, linear, direct) tests
│   ├── DNDS/                   Python tests (pytest)
│   ├── Geom/                   Python Geom tests
│   ├── CFV/                    Python CFV tests
│   └── EulerP/                 Python Euler tests
│
├── external/                   Third-party dependencies
│   ├── cfd_externals/          C libraries submodule (HDF5, CGNS, Metis, ...)
│   ├── doctest/                C++ test framework (header-only)
│   ├── eigen/                  Eigen linear algebra (header-only)
│   ├── fmt/                    fmt formatting library
│   ├── pybind11/               Python binding framework
│   ├── nlohmann/               JSON for Modern C++ (header-only)
│   └── ...                     boost, CGAL, nanoflann, exprtk, etc.
│
├── docs/                       Documentation sources
│   ├── doxygen/                Doxygen configuration and main page
│   ├── sphinx/                 Sphinx configuration, toctree stubs, extensions
│   ├── architecture/           Architecture design documents
│   ├── guides/                 Developer and usage guides
│   ├── theory/                 Mathematical background
│   ├── tests/                  Test suite documentation
│   ├── dev/                    Development notes and design proposals
│   └── index.md                Documentation root page
│
├── cases/                      JSON configuration files for solver runs
├── scripts/                    Utility scripts
│   └── generate-stubs.sh       Type stub generator (pybind11-stubgen)
├── stubs/                      Generated .pyi stubs (intermediate output)
│
├── CMakeLists.txt              Root CMake build file
├── CMakePresets.json            CMake presets (debug, release-test, cuda, ci)
├── cmakeCommonUtils.cmake       Shared CMake helper functions
├── pyproject.toml              Python package build configuration
└── AGENTS.md                   Agentic coding guide

C++ Source Organization (<tt>src/</tt>)

Each module under src/ contains:

• *.hpp / *.cpp — C++ headers and implementation files.
• *_pybind.cpp / *_bind.cpp — Pybind11 binding definitions.
• _explicit_instantiation/ — Explicit template instantiation files (one per model variant, compiled as separate translation units).
• CMakeLists.txt — Module-level build rules.

Module dependency graph

Each module depends on those above it:

DNDS        (no dependencies within DNDSR)
  ↑
Geom        (depends on DNDS)
  ↑
CFV         (depends on Geom, DNDS)
  ↑
Euler       (depends on CFV, Geom, DNDS, Solver)
EulerP      (depends on CFV, Geom, DNDS)
Solver      (header-only, depends on DNDS)

Python Package Organization (<tt>python/DNDSR/</tt>)

The Python package is separate from C++ sources. Compiled pybind11 extension modules (.so / .pyd) are installed into _ext/ subdirectories by cmake --install.

Import chain

from DNDSR import DNDS
  # → python/DNDSR/__init__.py
  #     → from . import DNDS
  #       → python/DNDSR/DNDS/__init__.py
  #         → _loader.preload("dnds")           # ctypes.CDLL for native libs
  #         → from ._ext.dnds_pybind11 import *  # load C++ bindings
  #         → _init_mpi()                        # MPI_Init_thread at import time

Native Library Preloader (<tt>_loader.py</tt>)

Before pybind11 extensions can be imported, their shared library dependencies must be loaded. _loader.py provides a single preload(module) function that:

1. Locates the library directory (python/DNDSR/_lib/ or legacy paths).
2. Loads external dependencies (libstdc++, zlib, HDF5, CGNS, Metis, ParMetis) via ctypes.CDLL with RTLD_GLOBAL.
3. Loads module-specific shared libraries (libdnds_shared, libgeom_shared, etc.).

Test Organization

Directory	Framework	Runner	What it tests
test/cpp/DNDS/	doctest	CTest (np=1,2,4,8)	DNDS core C++ classes
test/cpp/Geom/	doctest	CTest (np=1,2,4,8)	Geom mesh C++ classes
test/cpp/CFV/	doctest	CTest (np=1,2,4,8)	CFV reconstruction
test/cpp/Euler/	doctest	CTest (np=1,2,4,8)	Euler evaluator
test/cpp/Solver/	doctest	CTest (np=1,2,4,8)	ODE, linear, direct
test/DNDS/	pytest	pytest	DNDS Python bindings
test/Geom/	pytest	pytest	Geom Python bindings
test/CFV/	pytest	pytest	CFV Python bindings
test/EulerP/	pytest	pytest	EulerP Python bindings

See DNDS Core Unit Tests for the full C++ test suite documentation.

CMake Build Targets

Target	Description
euler	Euler N-S solver (2D)
euler3D	Euler N-S solver (3D)
eulerSA	Spalart-Allmaras RANS solver (2D)
eulerSA3D	Spalart-Allmaras RANS solver (3D)
euler2EQ	k-omega RANS solver (2D)
euler2EQ3D	k-omega RANS solver (3D)
dnds_pybind11	DNDS Python binding module
geom_pybind11	Geom Python binding module
cfv_pybind11	CFV Python binding module
eulerP_pybind11	EulerP Python binding module
all_unit_tests	All C++ unit test executables (aggregate)
dnds_unit_tests	DNDS C++ unit tests (aggregate)
geom_unit_tests	Geom C++ unit tests (aggregate)
cfv_unit_tests	CFV C++ unit tests (aggregate)
euler_unit_tests	Euler C++ unit tests (aggregate)
solver_unit_tests	Solver C++ unit tests (aggregate)
docs	Build all documentation (Doxygen + Sphinx)
sphinx	Build Sphinx documentation only
doxygen	Build Doxygen XML + HTML only

‍See also: Building DNDSR for full build instructions, CMake preset descriptions, and troubleshooting.